Pancreatic cancer
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Know the signs

Symptoms and risk factors.

Pancreatic cancer rarely announces itself early. Knowing what to watch for — and what raises your risk — is the closest thing we have to catching it sooner.

67,440
Americans will be diagnosed in 2025
51,980
will die from the disease this year
13%
five-year relative survival rate
3rd
leading cause of cancer death in the U.S.

Symptoms

Pancreatic cancer often does not cause symptoms until the disease is advanced. When they do appear, they may include:

Belly pain
That spreads to the sides or back
Loss of appetite
Eating less without meaning to
Weight loss
Unexplained, without trying
Jaundice
Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes
Pale stools
Light-colored, or floating
Dark urine
Noticeably darker than usual
Itching
Persistent, across the body
New diabetes
Or diabetes getting harder to control
Blood clots
Pain and swelling in an arm or leg
Fatigue
Tiredness or weakness that does not lift

Any one of these has many ordinary explanations. Several together, or one that persists, is a reason to ask your doctor specifically about the pancreas.

Risk factors

Modifiable
Things that can change
Smoking
Smokers have a significantly higher risk, and the risk rises with the number of cigarettes smoked.
Obesity
Being overweight increases risk, particularly with excess weight around the waist.
Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes is associated with higher risk; some experts believe the connection is weight-related.
Chronic pancreatitis
Long-term inflammation of the pancreas raises risk, often seen alongside heavy alcohol use and smoking.
Diet
Diets high in red and processed meats, and in processed and fried foods, are linked to higher risk.
Excessive alcohol
Heavy drinking is linked to increased risk, potentially by contributing to chronic pancreatitis.
Non-modifiable
Things that cannot
Age
Risk increases with age, with most diagnoses occurring after 60.
Family history
A family history raises risk, particularly when multiple relatives are affected.
Race and ethnicity
Some racial and ethnic groups carry a higher risk.
Genetic predisposition
Certain mutations, such as BRCA2, increase risk.
Chemical exposure
Exposure to certain chemicals, such as those used in dry cleaning and metalworking, may increase risk.
Other factors
Less established
Pancreatic cysts
Non-cancerous cysts carry a small risk of becoming cancerous.
Gallstones and gallbladder removal
Some research suggests an increased risk.
Physical inactivity
Some research suggests lack of activity may increase risk.

Prevention and screening

Screening for high-risk people

Screening looks for signs of cancer in people without symptoms. It may be an option if your risk is very high — a strong family history, or an inherited DNA change. It usually means imaging such as MRI and ultrasound, repeated every year.

Genetic testing for cancer risk

If you have a family history of pancreatic cancer, raise it with a health professional. They can review that history and help you understand whether genetic testing is right for you — and refer you to a counselor trained in genetics.

Genetic counselors in Michigan
13 locations across Metro Detroit and Ann Arbor
Source
Mayo Clinic — Pancreatic cancer symptoms and causes
Worried about your own risk?

Talk to a Sky Advocate who has been through this, or start with the counselor directory. Either way, you will not be figuring it out alone.

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